![]() ![]() ![]() Now, let’s use binwalk to get the source code. Now that we have the firmware, let’s use binwalk to take a look:īinwalk will see it as a squashfs filesystem. Unfortunately, after it dumped the image, my terminal didn’t reply with success, but the file was there. Next, we can use the following command to dump the image file. Using flash banks, we found out the image is located on 0xbf00000000 with size 0x01000000. In this post, we want to extract the firmware. Great! Now we can use JTAG to do a lot of stuff on this router. OpenOCD will open port 4444 on localhost, waiting for a connection. There should be no error after execution, if an error is present, Google it. Next, power on the router and execute our OpenOCD using the following command:sudo openocd –f –f Next, make sure your OpenOCD is current, I choose to manually compile to ensure it supports our target CPU (check the compile link).Īlso, make sure our target ath79.cfg file exists, it should be located at: /usr/share/openocd/script/target/ath79.cfg First, make sure your debug board is connected to your OS (for Linux distribution, check if the USB device exists /dev/ttyUSB0). Next step, let’s connect it to the computer. It will look like the following after all the wires for the JTAG protocol are connected (TDI, TDO, TCK, TMS, GND). If that was not available, we could have just used a tool like JTAGulator to determine the pinout. I also found the JTAG pin layout online, so wiring is pretty straight forward. This router does have JTAG and UART protocol debug pinouts, lucky for us. There are two sections we should notice here on the bottom left side: Let’s open the router and see what’s inside. Any operating system that can run OpenOCD, I am using AttifyOS, which is free and configured to do some internet of things (IoT) exploitation.JTAG debug board – it can be bus pirate or any JTAG debug board, in this article I am using Attify Badge since it is available on our desk.Perhaps later I can explore those, but for now let’s get that firmware. ![]() JTAG will give me the ability to not only dump the FW, but to read the CPU registers and memory. In this blog, the goal is to show how I can dump the firmware (FW) and retrieve the root shadow password. Today, I am using one of the most powerful protocols – JTAG (Joint Test Action Group). There are serveral ways to reverse-engineer hardware, for example: UART, SPI, JTAG. This is one of my first times to do this, so bear with me and I’ll show you the basic steps that I’ve taken to connect to a router and extract the firmware. We have a few such projects underway, but this one is the furthest along and I’d like to share it with you. Every so often, that includes finding zero-day vulnerabilities and tearing into hardware. Hardware reverse engineering: Hack TP-Link AC1750 router root password using JTAGīy Kang-Wei Chang | Here at the Application and Threat Intelligence (ATI) Research Center, we are in the business of creating vulnerability- and exploit-based strikes that our customers use to validate their cybersecurity systems. ![]()
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